Analysis and practical guides on cybercrime: online and cryptocurrency scams, bank phishing, electronic evidence, cyberstalking and the sharing of intimate images.
See our cybercrime service →Slander and libel on social media in Spain, articles 205 to 216 of the Criminal Code, the querella and prior conciliation, what it costs and how to remove the post.
Read article →Theft, robbery or fraud under the Criminal Code, where to report, your right to an interpreter and a translated copy, and how to recover money from abroad.
Read article →Where to report a lost or stolen DNI, what the report achieves, the fines under LO 4/2015 and how to defend yourself if debts are taken out with your ID.
Read article →Unauthorised access under article 197 bis, computer damage, limitation periods, what evidence to keep before changing your password and how to report it in Spain.
Read article →Usurpation of civil status, fraud and disclosure of secrets, which evidence counts, what to do about a debt in your name and credit blacklists, deadlines and damages.
Read article →How long you have to claim, when the bank must refund you, unauthorised versus authorised-by-deception payments, and the penalties for vishing in Spain.
Read article →How the text impersonating Spain's Social Security works, which offence it is, what to do in the first hours and when the bank must refund the charges.
Read article →The reverse Bizum request, the transfer sent by mistake and second-hand sales. When the bank must refund, the penalties and what to do in the first hours.
Read article →What offence the fake Tax Agency refund text is, how to spot it, what to do in the first hours and what you can recover if you paid or gave your details.
Read article →The DGT never notifies or collects fines by text with a link. The offence, how to check for a real fine, what to do if you paid and who refunds you.
Read article →A text or call impersonating Revolut. How to spot it, what to do in the first hours, the criminal complaint for fraud and when the bank must refund you.
Read article →How to spot the text or call impersonating Kutxabank, what to do in the first hours if you gave your credentials or made a payment, and when you need a lawyer.
Read article →How to spot the text or call impersonating Unicaja, what to do in the first minutes, the offence of fraud and when the bank must refund the money.
Read article →How to spot the text or call impersonating Bankinter, what to do in the first hours if you gave your codes and when the bank must refund the money.
Read article →How to spot the text or call impersonating Openbank, what is a crime, what to do in the first hours and what you can recover if you gave away your codes.
Read article →A text or call claiming to be from ING. How to spot the impersonation, what to do in the first hours, the fraud offence and when the bank must refund you.
Read article →How to spot the fake text or call impersonating Banco Sabadell, what to do in the first hours and what you can recover if you gave your codes or paid.
Read article →A text or call impersonating CaixaBank, blocked account or unrecognised charge. How to spot it, what to do today and when the bank must refund the money.
Read article →Texts and calls impersonating Santander, how to spot them, the offence of fraud, what to do in the first hours and when the bank must refund you.
Read article →How to spot the text or call impersonating BBVA, what to do in the first hours, getting the money refunded and the fraud offence under article 248.
Read article →Rental deposit fraud in Spain under Article 248 of the Criminal Code: deadlines running from the payment, what each payment method lets you recover and how to check the owner.
Read article →Fake listing, hacked chat or a host demanding a bank transfer for a stay in Spain. What the platform answers for, what you recover by payment method, fraud under Art. 248 of the Spanish Criminal Code and where to report.
Read article →Order never arrived or wrong item from AliExpress or Temu while living in Spain. Your rights under Spanish law against a seller in China and what is realistic to recover.
Read article →What CEO fraud is under Spanish law, why Spanish banks refuse a refund, when they are liable anyway and what to do in the first hours to recover the money.
Read article →Who bears the loss in a Vinted scam in Spain, what buyer protection really covers, fraud under article 248 of the Spanish Criminal Code and what to do with a fake.
Read article →Scammed on Wallapop in Spain: what you recover depending on how you paid, fraud under the Spanish Criminal Code, how a seller is traced from a username or IBAN, and what follows a complaint.
Read article →Time limits to claim in Spain, why paying as friends and family leaves you unprotected, what to do when PayPal says no and how the fraud is prosecuted.
Read article →How to spot a fake online shop in Spain, fraud under Article 248 of the Spanish Criminal Code, what you can recover by payment method and where to report it.
Read article →Third-party seller or Amazon EU, A-to-z Guarantee, withdrawal, conformity, fraud under the Spanish Criminal Code and what to keep to get your money back.
Read article →Voice cloning fraud under Spanish law: the penalty, what to do in the first hours if you already paid a Spanish account, and how the money is recovered.
Read article →Computer fraud under the Spanish Criminal Code, when a Spanish bank must refund an unauthorised transaction, what to do in the first hours and time limits.
Read article →What happens when you are investigated in Spain for child sexual abuse material, your rights, and why these cases turn on the computer forensics.
Read article →What offence sextortion is under Spanish law, why you must not pay or delete anything, how to preserve the evidence and how to report in Spain.
Read article →The three electronic signature types under eIDAS in Spain, which one equals a handwritten one, and why in a dispute the evidence decides, not the signature.
Read article →The fake Abanca 'security department' calls and pressures you into moving your money or reading out a code. How this Spanish bank phone fraud works and what to do.
Read article →A text impersonating Correos, the Spanish postal service, asks you to pay a fee for a parcel and slip in your card details. How to recognise the scam and what to do.
Read article →If a Spanish bank account has been emptied through phishing or a bank impersonation scam, Spanish payment services law requires the bank to refund unauthorised transactions unless you were grossly negligent. Here is w...
Read article →A text message impersonating Abanca, a Spanish bank, warns of a charge or a blocked account and asks for your login details. Why it is smishing and what to do now.
Read article →A text or call impersonating your Spanish bank can empty your account in minutes. We explain how to recognise the fraud and what to do straight away under Spanish law.
Read article →You bought online from a seller or platform in Spain and the item never arrived, was fake or you were overcharged. What you can recover and when a lawyer in Spain is worth it.
Read article →After a cryptocurrency scam involving Spain, the first question is whether the money can be recovered. In quite a few cases it can, but it depends on how fast you act.
Read article →In Spain, sharing intimate images without consent is a crime (Article 197.7 Criminal Code), even if the recording was consented. Removal, conviction, compensation, protection.
Read article →Online harassment can be a crime in Spain. The protection a victim can obtain: an end to it, a restraining order, a conviction and compensation.
Read article →In Spanish cybercrime and a growing number of civil and criminal matters, the case turns on the digital evidence. What it is, why it is decisive, and why a generalist is not enough.
Read article →Summoned or arrested in Spain over an alleged cybercrime? What is at stake, why you should not make a statement without a lawyer, and how it is defended.
Read article →An analysis of whether biometric unlocking (fingerprint, Face ID) of a device is covered by the right against self-incrimination (Arts. 17.3 and 24.2 of the Spanish Constitution), and when the judicial police need aut...
Read article →A legal-technical guide to requesting, by court order, the positioning data (LCS services and GMLC/SMLC network elements) stored by a mobile operator, and how it fits within Art. 588 septies b of the Spanish Criminal ...
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